The Evolution of Personal Scope in Polish Individual Labour Law – A 20th-Century Historical Analysis

Abstract

This paper examines the historical development of Polish labour law, focusing on the expansion of its personal scope and its adaptation to broader socio-economic changes. In Poland, labour law began to take shape after the country regained independence in 1918, driven by industrialisation and the need to regulate the relationship between employers and employees. The study examines key milestones, including early regulations covering both workers and knowledge workers, attempts at codification in 1949, and the introduction of the Labour Code in 1974, which, despite numerous amendments, remains the core of the Polish labour law system. Particular attention is paid to the gradual inclusion of different categories of workers, extending beyond traditional employment to the service sector and non-standard working arrangements. By analysing these developments, the article highlights the historical foundations that have shaped the Polish labour law and offers insights into how these principles can influence future legislative reforms to strengthen labour protection.